The surface layer of the conjunctiva is composed of non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium with numerous goblet cells. Medial to the plica lies the caruncle, a pinkish globular nodule that contains sebaceous glands and hair follicles in addition to the adnexal elements of the conjunctival stroma. A crescent-shaped fold of the conjunctiva called the plica semilunaris is found nasally. The palpebral part is tightly adherent to the tarsus, while the forniceal portion is loose and redundant. The bulbar conjunctiva is loosely attached to the underlying Tenon’s capsule except at the limbus where they fuse together. The forniceal conjunctiva is the portion that connects the bulbar with the palpebral parts. The part covering the sclera is known as the bulbar conjunctiva, while the palpebral conjunctiva lines the posterior surface of the eyelids. It plays an essential role in maintaining a healthy and optically clear cornea. The conjunctiva is a transparent mucous membrane that covers the ocular surface from the limbus to the mucocutaneous junction. Afterward, the most important malignant neoplastic processes affecting the conjunctiva will be reviewed along with the latest updates in the medical literature. This chapter will start by describing the normal histology of the ocular surface with selected correlated functional aspects of the biologic micro-design. The epithelial and melanocytic origins are more frequent. They originate from the squamous epithelium, melanocytes, and lymphocytic cells found in the conjunctival stroma. Tumors of the conjunctiva can arise from any of the cells that are naturally present and are evident histologically thus, there is a wide variety of these tumors. In addition, the primordial cells of the corneal epithelium are located at the corneoscleral limbus. The interdependence of the structures integrated into this system and their influence on the corneal epithelium and ultimately on the eyeball makes them of great importance to the health of the eye. It includes the cornea and the conjunctiva. The maintenance of ocular surface in an optimal and healthy state contributes both esthetic and functional wellness of the eye.įrom the anatomic point of view, the ocular surface includes the mucosal epithelium limited by the skin of the free edge of the eyelids. ![]() A healthy ocular surface should have a healthy tear film overlying it. The ocular surface is an anatomic entity that is composed of different ocular structures: conjunctiva, limbus, and cornea.
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